Dry Fractionation: through batch crystallization of oil without using additives by controlled cooling and subsequent continuous filtration.

Solvent Fractionation: through continuous crystallization of the oil in a solvent followed by separation of the liquid and solid fractions through a continuous drum filter. Solvent fractionation, involves the use of hexane or acetone to let the high-melting components crystallize in a very low-viscous organic solvent. This can be helpful with respect to the selectivity of the reaction, but mainly offers advantages in the field of phase separation: much purer solid fractions can be obtained, even with a vacuum filtration. Being a more expensive process, it is less common than dry fractionation and only comes into the picture when a very high added value of (at least one of) the resulting fractions makes up for the high cost. (Related Article: Palm Oil Refinery Plant Cost >>)

Detergent Fractionation: through batch or continuous crystallization of the oil by controlled cooling and separation of the fractions either by gravity or centrifugation after adding a surfactant.

In edible oil processing plant, a dry fractionation process consists of a controlled cooling of the oil, thereby inducing a partial, or‘fractional, crystallization. The remaining liquid (olein) is then separated from the solid fraction (stearin) by means of filtration or centrifugation.

The widespread use of the three oil modification processes – hydrogenation, interesterification and fractionation – extended the range of applications of the triglyceride oils. These processes principally serve the  purpose of modifying the melting properties of oils and  fats in order to improve their functional properties in specific  applications,  but the  processes are  also  used to improve  the  stability  of the oils and fats thus processed.

Natural oils and fats have different characteristics due to the fact that they are composed of a great number of different triglycerides. These contain fatty acids with carbon chins of different lengths and with different degrees of unsaturation.

Triglycerides with a high degree of unsaturation, indicated by a high iodine value, have a lower melting point than those containing more saturated fatty acids. If oil is cooled to a certain temperature, the high melting triglyceride (Stearin) will crystallize while the low melting ones will remain fluid. The stearin can then be separated from oil (Olein) by different methods and the fat/oil is thus divided into two fractions: Stearin with a high melting point and olein with a low cloud and melting points.

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The other advantage is that since crude oil can be processed into a wide range of products, a country that imports unprocessed oil could benefit from these oil products. The other thing that you need to note is that most websites only list the largest oil refineries in the world. Therefore when you miss to see the oil refineries in your country, then probably it came later or it does not measure to the world’s international standards in terms of its capacity. These oil refinery companies are listed according to their respective continents and countries. When you click on your country, you should be able to see its oil refinery companies listed.